ThePharmaFacts

  Thyroid Hormones: Analogues & Their Inhibitors    Thyroid gland:    - Location: front of Neck, below the Adam's Apple (larynx).   - butterfly-shaped gland.   - it is composed of Million clusters of follicles.   - a follicle is a structure having epithelial cells surrounding a central mass (colloid).   - Epithelial cells:          (i) follicular cells[T3 & T4]         (ii) parafollicular cells [calcitonin]   - having two lobes; either on the windpipe (trachea).   Thyroid Hormone Actions:    i.Growth & Development   ii.Intermediary metabolism (lipid,carbohydrate & protein metabolism)   iii.Caloriegenesis-production of heat via digestion of food or action of several hormones thus BMR increases   iv.Haemopoiesis   v.Modulate gene transcription   Synthesis, Storage & Release of Thyroid Hormones:     1.Iodine uptake/Trapping:    -total iodine content in body is 30-50 mg out of which ⅕th is present in thyroid    -blood iodine concentration is low i.e. 0.2-0.4 μg/dl  

The Covid-19 Vaccine Race: Phase I: 1.BEIJING MINHAI BIOTECHNOLOGY (CHINA) INACTIVATED VACCINE A Phase 1 trial of this vaccine started on 2 October, with 180 health people aged over 18 years. The trial is being done in Jiangsu, China. 2.IMMUNITYBIO AND NANTKWEST (USA) VIRAL VECTOR VACCINE The company is planning to launch a Phase 1 trial in California this month with people aged up to 55 years. It is an adenovirus (Ad5) vaccine designed to deliver both spike protein and nucleocapsid DNA to drive both cellular and antibody immunity. Earlier this year, it was chosen to be part of Operation Warp Speed to rapidly develop vaccines in the USA. 3.REITHERA (ITALY) VIRAL VECTOR VACCINE The Italian biotechnology company ReiThera has developed a COVID-19 vaccine, called GRAd-COV2, based on an adenovirus that infects gorillas. In collaboration with the Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, they launched a Phase 1 trial at the end of July. 4.CANSINO BIOLOGICS/ACADEMY OF MI

Vaccine Manufacturing: Clinical Trials           Scientists around the world are continuously working on COVID Pandemic Vaccine Development; out of that, some vaccine markers are very close to accurate results. Around the world, more than 23 million Covid cases are found and 800,000+ deaths globally, Over the World more than 150 labs are constantly working on developing Covid-19 Vaccine. No one other than Russia has declared his vaccine is the safest vaccine over the Covid-19 pandemic. Apart from this vaccine development; the second largest problem to healthcare systems is, how to make this vaccine available to the global population at an affordable cost. Clinical trials: Clinical trial is an investigation of a newly discovered drug on a human subject on a human subject, and reporting its safety and efficacy. It is carried out in the following ways It is carried out in the following ways:     After successfully completing of Preclinical Phase, Vaccine go for the next Phase i.e. C